Libreville, Gabon: Rapid climate risk assessment
The Global Center on Adaptation has completed the city scoping and rapid climate risk assessment for Libreville, Gabon. The study identifies different climate-related hazards for the city as exclusion of vulnerable people, heat island effects, decrease of air quality and decrease of quality of citizens’ health.
Mitigation: Gabon has committed to a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, by 2025 and compared to a business as usual scenario. This commitment focuses solely on emissions and not carbon storage by biomass. Gabon will achieve these reductions across sectors. Within the context of land use change Gabon will manage emissions through the conservation of areas and encouraging best forestry practices. In the context of petroleum production efforts will be made to reduce emissions from gas flaring, while in the case of local use fossil fuels emissions will be mitigated by increased efficiency and the development of low carbon energy sources. Emission reductions will also be made in the fields of transportation and waste management, further study is being conducted to determine the most effective mitigation methods in these sectors.
Adaptation: Gabon believes adaptation is most effective when it is harmonized with existing economic development strategy, and adaptation investment is used to promote national sustainable development and reduce vulnerability to climate change. Gabon is focusing on coastal adaptation, given the significance of coastal areas and their vulnerability to sea level rise. Adaptation efforts include promoting various income generating activities related to coastal ecosystems, as well as the preservation of those coastal ecosystems and resources like mangroves that naturally reduce vulnerability to climate change. The construction of physical coastal barriers, and beach/bank restoration and rehabilitation, are also being considered. International Climate and Environmental Commitments: The Paris Agreement (Party), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Party), Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Party), United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (Party), Convention on Biological Diversity (Party), Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (Party), Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Party)
Summary
Gabon is a heavily forested, coastal, West African country within the Congo Basin. Gabon is considered very natural resource rich )in terms of timber, oil, and minerals) and it is experiencing rapid economic growth and urbanization when compared to other similar African country (largely resulting from oil production).
Gabon is also very vulnerable to climate change, particularly along it's coast and within the sectors of agriculture, water, forestry, infrastructure, energy, and health, and global mitigation may reduce the contributions oil production makes to the national economy.
Gabon is very active within international forestry and climate change research, actively working to increase national value additions to natural resource exports and adapt coastal communities and infrastructure to possible climate change impacts.
International Commitments and Reporting
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
Nationally Determined Contribution Under the Paris Agreement - https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NDCStaging/pages/Party.aspx?party=GAB
NDC Monitoring and Reporting
World Bank Country Factsheet on Intended NDCs - http://spappssecext.worldbank.org/sites/indc/PDF_Library/GA.pdf World Bank’s Climate Knowledge Portal - https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/gabon Climate Action Tracker - https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/gabon ClimateWatch Profile - https://www.climatewatchdata.org/countries/GAB NDC Partnership Page - http://ndcpartnership.org/countries-map/country?iso=GAB
SDG Voluntary National Review
Gabon has not completed a Voluntary National Review, and is not scheduled to complete a review, but future reviews and other relevant sources can be found here - https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/memberstates/gabon
National SDG Monitoring and Reporting
World Bank Overview - http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/gabon UNDP's Open SDG Data Hub - http://unstats-undesa.opendata.arcgis.com/
NDCs and SDGs
Mapping of NDC-SDG Connections - https://klimalog.die-gdi.de/ndc-sdg/country/GAB
NDCs, SDGs, and Climate Change
NDC Partnership Dashboard on NDCs and relation to the SDGs and Climate Change Vulnerability - http://ndcpartnership.org/climate-watch/ndcs-sdg
Emissions Data
Gabon does not currently have a dynamic online emissions tracking platform, but national emissions reporting can be found within this report - https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Second%20Nat%20Com_GABON_Complete.pdf The ClimateWatch profile may provide one more recent assessment of greenhouse gas emissions - https://www.climatewatchdata.org/countries/GAB
Sendai and Hyogo Frameworks
National Progress Report on the Implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=41836&cid=63 National Report in Preparation for the World Conference on Disaster Reduction - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=863&cid=63 Decree No. 0672 on the creation, power, and operations of the National Platform for the Prevention and Reduction of Disaster Risk - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/decree-no-0672-on-the-creation-power-and-operation-of-the-national-platform-for-the-prevention-and-reduction-of-disaster-risks/
National Coordination and Reporting
National Appropriate Mitigation Actions
No Action to date - https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/PublicNAMA/SitePages/Country.aspx?CountryId=64
National Action Plans
National Climate Plan - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/national-climate-plan-plan-climat/
National Strategies Related to International Mechanisms
Convention to Combat Desertification National Action Programme - https://knowledge.unccd.int/sites/default/files/naps/gabon-fre2007.pdf
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan - https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/ga/ga-nbsap-01-fr.pdf
National Regulations/Policies
Plan Strategique Gabon Emergent - https://www.undp.org/content/dam/cafi/docs/Gabon%20documents/French/Gabon_2015_SM%20A_PlanStrategiqueGabonEmergent.pdf
Law no 002/2014 on sustainable development - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/law-no-002-2014-on-sustainable-development/
Decree No. 0122 setting the responsibilities, organization and functioning of the National Council on Climate Change - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/decree-no-0122-setting-the-responsibilities-organization-and-functioning-of-the-national-council-on-climate-change/
National Strategy on Coastal Adaptation to Climate Change - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/national-strategy-on-coastal-adaptation-to-climate-change/
Loi n° 007/2014 du 01 août 2014 relative à la protection de l'environnement en République gabonaise - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC174571
Decree No. 000925 establishing responsibilities, organization and functioning of the National Commission on Sustainable Development - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/decree-no-000925-establishing-responsibilities-organization-and-functioning-of-the-national-commission-on-sustainable-development/
Loi n°023/2008 du 10 décembre 2008 portant politique de développement agricole durable - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC174826
Plan stratégique pour le développement durable de la Pêche et de l’aquaculture (Potentialités-contraintes-politique sectorielle et programme prioritaire quinquennal 2011-2016) - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC164991
Loi n° 003/2007 relative aux parcs nationaux - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC079512
Decree No. 0919 on the establishment, responsibilities and organization of the General Directorate of Meteorology - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/decree-no-0919-on-the-establishment-responsibilities-and-organization-of-the-general-directorate-of-meteorology/
Ordonnance n°008/PR/2010 du 25 février 2010 portant modification et abrogation de certaines dispositions de la loi n°16/01 du 31 décembre 2001 portant Code Forestier en République Gabonaise - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC107376
Lettre de Politique Sectorielle Forêt, pêche et aquaculture aires protégées, environnement et formation 2004 - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC169412
Reviews of National Legislation and Policy
London School of Economics: National Climate Legislation - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/country-profiles/gabon
Financing
Key Areas of Climate Investment
Financing for sustainable ecosystem management - https://www.thegef.org/project/sustainable-management-critical-wetlands-ecosystems-project
Financing engagement with international climate change platforms and completion of required reporting - https://www.thegef.org/project/preparation-gabons-initial-biennial-update-report-unfccc
Financing adaptation planning - https://www.greenclimate.fund/documents/20182/466992/Readiness_proposals_-_Gabon___CDC-Gabon___Adaptation_Planning.pdf/25c211ce-53f2-fa85-3192-a69a11e61f8b
Financing readiness for engagement with REDD + - https://www.forestcarbonpartnership.org/country/gabon
Financing the management of human and wildlife interactions - http://projects.worldbank.org/P157249?lang=en
Financing the expansion of public transport - https://www.isdb.org/projects/data/uid-pj0005480
National Trust Fund
Research suggests Gabon is considering the creation of a Gabon Adaptation Fund, but it does not appear to be established as of this profile's creation.
Selected Relevant Sources of Climate Related Funding
Climate Funds Update - https://climatefundsupdate.org/data-dashboard/#1541245745457-d3cda887-f010
OECD Climate Change - https://www.oecd.org/env/cc/
OECD Investment for Green Growth - https://www.oecd.org/environment/green.htm
African Development Bank Group - https://www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-sectors/sectors/climate-change
Multilateral Funders
Gabon receives climate funding from the World Bank, Forest Carbon Partnership Facility, the Islamic Development Bank, the Global Environment Facility, the Green Climate Fund, the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, among others.
Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Planning
Vulnerability/Adaptation Capacity Data
Notre Dame's Global Adaptation Initiative Vulnerability/Readiness Climate Change Index - https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/
Environmental Performance Index - https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/
Natural Disaster/Hazards
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery - https://www.gfdrr.org/en/gabon
PreventionWeb - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/countries/africa/gab
Energy Supply and Demand
Key Energy Statistics - https://www.iea.org/countries/gabon
Land Use
Carbon pools and multiple benefits of mangroves in Central Africa: Assessment for REDD+ - https://www.iea.org/countries/gabon
How Existing Legal Frameworks Shape Forest Conversion to Agriculture - http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/04d8ec81-9c31-49ae-95d8-45ea5bfd06bf
Evaluation des Ressources Forestieres Mondiales 2015 - http://www.fao.org/3/a-az217f.pdf
Congo Basin Forest Loss Dominated by Increasing Smallholder Clearing - https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/11/eaat2993.full
Economic Development/Quality of Life and Livelihoods
Economic Governance in Gabon: Assessment of the Plan Stratégique Gabon Emergent on the Business Environment - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330054124_Economic_Governance_in_Gabon_Assessment_of_the_Plan_Strategique_Gabon_Emergent_on_the_Business_Environment
Human Livelihoods and Protected Areas in Gabon: A cross-sectional comparison of welfare and consumption patterns - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231760720_Human_livelihoods_and_protected_areas_in_Gabon_A_cross-sectional_comparison_of_welfare_and_consumption_patterns
Changes in Livelihood Practices, Strategies and Dependence on Bushmeat in Two Provinces in Gabon - https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cfa/ifr/2019/00000021/00000001/art00009
Summaries of Programming and Priorities
Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment in Gabon's Second National Communication - https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Second%20Nat%20Com_GABON_Complete.pdf
Review of Current Planned and Adaptation Action - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=25698&cid=63
Case Studies
Islamic Development Bank Reports
IsDB Country Page - https://www.isdb.org/gabon
Climate, Climate Change, and Environmental Data
Natural Disaster/Hazards Data
ThinkHazard - http://thinkhazard.org/en/report/89-gabon
Energy Supply and Demand Data
Renewable Energy Mapping - http://resourceirena.irena.org/gateway/countrySearch/?countryCode=GAB
Land Use Data
FAOStat - http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/
Weather/Meteorological Data
World Meteorological Organization Profile - https://www.wmo.int/cpdb/gabon
Gabonese Studies and Space Observations Agency - https://landsat.usgs.gov/lbg