Searching for water to mitigate conflicts
In northern Mali, a dry area of 827,000 square kilometres, water has been a source of strife. As the Sahara desert expands southwards, finding water is becoming increasingly urgent, and harder. Communities, supported by NGOs are digging small shallow wells to provide water.
Mitigation: Mali has committed to a reduction in emissions, from the business as usual, of agriculture by 29%, energy by 31%, and land use change and forestry by 21% by 2030. This commitment is dependent on external technical and financial support. However, regardless of external support, Mali will remain a greenhouse gas sink through 2030. These mitigation commitments will be achieved through deliberate actions in those priority sectors: agriculture, energy, land use change and forestry. Adaptation: Mali strongly values developing a green and resilient economy in response to climate change. As Mali's economy is based in the use and exploitation of natural resources, this will require adapting the management and use of these resources to address climate change related hazards. Programs focus on the forestry, agriculture, and energy industries. International Climate and Environmental Commitments: The Paris Agreement (Party), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Party), Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Party), United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (Party), Convention on Biological Diversity (Party), Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (Party), Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Party)
Summary
Mali is a landlocked Sahelian country. Mali has a largely undiversified economy, which is dominated by agriculture despite an overall scarcity of land that is suitable for agriculture. Mali is at risk of floods, droughts, desertification and resulting issues with food insecurity. Climate change is likely to change precipitation patterns and exacerbate these existing challenges.
International Commitments and Reporting
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
Nationally Determined Contribution Under the Paris Agreement - https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NDCStaging/pages/Party.aspx?party=MLI
NDC Monitoring and Reporting
World Bank Country Factsheet on Intended NDCs - http://spappssecext.worldbank.org/sites/indc/PDF_Library/ML.pdf
World Bank’s Climate Knowledge Portal - https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/mali
ClimateWatch Profile - https://www.climatewatchdata.org/countries/MLI
NDC Partnership Page - http://ndcpartnership.org/countries-map/country?iso=MLI
SDG Voluntary National Review
Mali does not yet have a completed Voluntary National Review, but a 2018 Review is expected to be made here - https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/memberstates/mali
National SDG Monitoring and Reporting
World Bank Overview - http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mali
UNDP's Open SDG Data Hub - http://unstats-undesa.opendata.arcgis.com/
NDCs and SDGs
Mapping of NDC-SDG Connections - https://klimalog.die-gdi.de/ndc-sdg/country/MLI
NDCs, SDGs, and Climate Change
NDC Partnership Dashboard on NDCs and relation to the SDGs and Climate Change Vulnerability - http://ndcpartnership.org/climate-watch/ndcs-sdg
Emissions Data
Mali does not currently have a dynamic online emissions tracking platform, but national emissions reporting can be found within this report - https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Rapport%20TCN%20%202018%20-%20copie.pdf
Sendai and Hyogo Frameworks
National Progress Report on the Implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=41693&cid=107
Plan national de contingence multirisques de préparation et de réponse aux catastrophes - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=60115&cid=107
National Coordination and Reporting
National Appropriate Mitigation Actions
NAMA in Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency - https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/PublicNAMA/_layouts/un/fccc/nama/NamaSeekingSupportForPreparation.aspx?ID=12&viewOnly=1
NAMA in the Forestry Sector - https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/PublicNAMA/_layouts/un/fccc/nama/NamaSeekingSupportForPreparation.aspx?ID=13&viewOnly=1
For recently added action check here - https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/PublicNAMA/SitePages/Country.aspx?CountryId=107
National Action Plans
National Policy on Climate Change - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/national-policy-on-climate-change-2/
National Adaptation Plan for Action - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=8537&cid=qzsvcpft
National Strategies Related to International Mechanisms
Convention to Combat Desertification National Action Programme - https://knowledge.unccd.int/sites/default/files/naps/mali-fre2000.pdf
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan - https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/ml/ml-nbsap-v2-fr.pdf
National Regulations/Policies
Plan d’Actions National de Promotion de l’Economie Sociale et Solidaire 2014-2018 - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC151400
Decree No. 2011-107-PM-RM of March 11, 2011 establishing the National Climate Change Committee of Mali - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/decree-no-2011-107-pm-rm-of-march-11-2011-establishing-the-national-climate-change-committee-of-mali/
Order No. 2017-3581-MEADD-SG (National Steering Committee on climate risks and floods management) - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/order-no-2017-3581-meadd-sg-national-steering-committee-on-climate-risks-and-floods-management/
Order No. 2017-2614 / MEADD-SG establishing the National Steering Committee of the Global Alliance Against Climate Change in Mali Phase 2 (AGCC-Mali 2) - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/order-no-2017-2614-meadd-sg-establishing-the-national-steering-committee-of-the-global-alliance-against-climate-change-in-mali-phase-2-agcc-mali-2/
Decree No. 2016-0102 P-RM on food insecurity - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/decree-no-2016-0102-p-rm-on-food-insecurity/
Ordinance No. 2016-007 P-RM of 25 February 2016 establishing the Project to Strengthen Resilience to Food Insecurity in Mali - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/ordinance-no-2016-007-p-rm-of-25-february-2016-establishing-the-project-to-strengthen-resilience-to-food-insecurity-in-mali/
Loi n° 2014-062 du 29 novembre 2014 déterminant les principes et les conditions de gestion de la pêche et de l’aquaculture - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC153042
Loi nº 02-006 portant Code de l'eau - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC034988
Order No. 2016-2223 / MEASS-SG on sustainable land management - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/order-no-2016-2223-meass-sg-on-sustainable-land-management/
Decree No. 2016-0528-P-RM of 26 July 2016 laying down the organization and modalities of operation of the Management Unit of the Great Green Wall - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/decree-no-2016-0528-p-rm-of-26-july-2016-laying-down-the-organization-and-modalities-of-operation-of-the-management-unit-of-the-great-green-wall/
Loi n° 2018-036/du 27 juin 2018 fixant les principes de gestion de la faune et de son habitat - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC180235
Action Plan for Renewable Energy Promotion in Mali - https://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/pams/mali/name-22141-en.php
Ordinance No. 2014-012-P-RM of 1 October 2014 establishing the Renewable Energy Agency of Mali - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/ordinance-no-2014-012-p-rm-of-1-october-2014-establishing-the-renewable-energy-agency-of-mali/
New and Renewable Energy Project for the Advancement of Women - https://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/pams/mali/name-24484-en.php
National Programme to Popularise the Jatropha Plant - https://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/pams/mali/name-24485-en.php
Rural Electrification by Solar Energy - https://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/pams/mali/name-31444-en.php
Reviews of National Legislation and Policy
London School of Economics: National Climate Legislation - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/country-profiles/mali
Financing
Key Areas of Climate Investment
Financing climate resilience - http://projects.worldbank.org/P161406?lang=en
Financing renewable electrification - http://projects.worldbank.org/P169912?lang=en
Financing the extension of energy services to rural communities - https://www.greenclimate.fund/documents/20182/893456/17750_-_Green_Energy_Service_Centres_for_Communities_in_Rural_Mali.pdf/ccd30188-3f59-476e-a9a2-6bc0e88563d4
Financing flood adaptation and climate risk management - https://www.thegef.org/project/flood-hazard-and-climate-risk-management-secure-lives-and-assets-mali
Financing resilience building in agriculture and forestry - https://www.thegef.org/project/scaling-multiple-benefits-approach-enhance-resilience-agro-and-forest-landscapes-mali-s
Financing pastoral and agricultural climate change resilience - https://www.thegef.org/project/strengthening-resilience-climate-change-through-integrated-agricultural-and-pastoral
Financing food security - https://www.isdb.org/projects/data/uid-mli0005-0
National Trust Fund
Mali Climate Fund - http://mptf.undp.org/factsheet/fund/3ML00
Selected Relevant Sources of Climate Related Funding
Climate Funds Update - https://climatefundsupdate.org/data-dashboard/#1541245745457-d3cda887-f010
OECD Climate Change - https://www.oecd.org/env/cc/
OECD Investment for Green Growth - https://www.oecd.org/environment/green.htm
Climate Investment Funds - https://www.climateinvestmentfunds.org/country/mali
African Development Bank Group - https://www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-sectors/sectors/climate-change
Multilateral Funders
Mali receives climate funding from the World Bank, the Islamic Development Bank, the Green Climate Fund, the Global Environment Facility, the Adaptation Fund, and the Global Climate Change Alliance, among others.
Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Planning
Vulnerability/Adaptation Capacity Data
Notre Dame's Global Adaptation Initiative Vulnerability/Readiness Climate Change Index - https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/
Environmental Performance Index - https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/
Natural Disaster/Hazards
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery - https://www.gfdrr.org/en/mali
PreventionWeb - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/countries/africa/mli
Energy Supply and Demand
Renewable Energy in Africa: Mali Country Profile - https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/Profil_ER_Mal_Web_light.pdf
Land Use
LandLinks Country Profile - https://www.land-links.org/mali
Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics: The Republic of Mali - https://eros.usgs.gov/westafrica/country/republic-mali
Common Property Forest Management Systems in Mali: resistance and vitality under pressure - http://www.fao.org/3/v3960e/v3960e04.htm
Economic Development/Quality of Life and Livelihoods
Climate risk and food security in Mali: A historical perspective on adaptation - https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016EF000404
Changing climates, changing lives: adaptation strategies of pastoral and agropastoral communities in Ethiopia and Mali - https://www.preventionweb.net/publications/view/14381
Climate-smart agriculture improves livelihoods of rural women in Mali - https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2018/2/feature-story-climate-smart-agriculture-improves-womens-livelihoods-in-mali
Summaries of Programming and Priorities
Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment in Mali's Third National Communication - https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Rapport%20TCN%20%202018%20-%20copie.pdf
Review of Current and Planned Adaptation Action - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=25722&cid=107
Case Studies
weADAPT Case Studies
weADAPT Entries - https://www.weadapt.org/case-studies?keyword=Mali
Climate and Development Network Country Page
Climate and Development Network Resources - https://cdkn.org/regions/mali
Islamic Development Bank Reports
IsDB Country Page - https://www.isdb.org/mali
Climate, Climate Change, and Environmental Data
Natural Disaster/Hazards Data
ThinkHazard - http://thinkhazard.org/en/report/155-mali
Energy Supply and Demand Data
Renewable Energy Mapping - http://resourceirena.irena.org/gateway/countrySearch/?countryCode=MLI
Land Use Data
FAOStat - http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/
Weather/Meteorological Data
World Meteorological Organization Profile - https://www.wmo.int/cpdb/mali