A patient process-oriented approach in Beira, Mozambique
Beira is a city in Mozambique with a municipal government that has worked with the Netherlands since 2012 in a long-term partnership to support urban resilience. The partners made a conscious decision to focus on process, allowing strategies to emerge and adapt to changing contexts.
Mitigation: Mozambique has committed to reducing emissions by about 76.5 MtCO2eq from 2020-2030, 23 by 2020 and 53.4 from 2025-2030, however this commitment is conditional on receiving external financial, technical, and capacity building support. Mozambique intends to realize these reductions through implementing policies and programs related to renewable energy and biofuels, natural gas, urban transportation, REDD+ and forest conservation, and waste management and methane recovery. Mitigation action are related to the energy and waste sectors, and engage with issues of land use, land use change, and forestry. Adaptation: Building resilience, and adapting to climate change, is a priority for Mozambique, specific activities include improving early warning systems for climate risks, integrated water resource management, effective land use, building resilience in agriculture, improved livestock and fisheries management, increasing the adaptive capacity of vulnerable groups and communities, protecting biodiversity, reducing social degradation, building climate resilient infrastructure, reducing vulnerable to climate change related vector-borne diseases, and promoting further research into climate change risks. International Climate and Environmental Commitments: The Paris Agreement (Party), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Party), Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Party), United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (Party), Convention on Biological Diversity (Party), Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (Party), Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Party)
Summary
Mozambique is a country on the eastern coast of Africa with a long coastline and considerable natural resources (from arable land to mineral wealth). Despite these resources Mozambique still struggles with issues of poverty and socioeconomic development. Mozambique's development is also threatened by its vulnerability to climate change and associated flooding, changes in precipitation patterns, droughts, windstorms, and rising sea level.
International Commitments and Reporting
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
Nationally Determined Contribution Under the Paris Agreement - https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NDCStaging/pages/Party.aspx?party=MOZ
NDC Monitoring and Reporting
World Bank Country Factsheet on Intended NDCs - http://spappssecext.worldbank.org/sites/indc/PDF_Library/MZ.pdf
World Bank’s Climate Knowledge Portal - https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/mozambique
ClimateWatch Profile - https://www.climatewatchdata.org/countries/MOZ
NDC Partnership Page - http://ndcpartnership.org/countries-map/country?iso=MOZ
SDG Voluntary National Review
Mozambique has not yet completed a Voluntary National Review, but a Review is expected by 2020 and will be available here - https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/memberstates/mozambique
National SDG Monitoring and Reporting
World Bank Overview - http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mozambique
UNDP's Open SDG Data Hub - http://unstats-undesa.opendata.arcgis.com/
NDCs and SDGs
Mapping of NDC-SDG Connections - https://klimalog.die-gdi.de/ndc-sdg/country/MOZ
NDCs, SDGs, and Climate Change
NDC Partnership Dashboard on NDCs and relation to the SDGs and Climate Change Vulnerability - http://ndcpartnership.org/climate-watch/ndcs-sdg
Emissions Data
Mozambique does not currently have a dynamic online emissions tracking platform, but national emissions reporting can be found within this report - https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Mozambique%20INC.pdf
The ClimateWatch profile may provide one more recent assessment of greenhouse gas emissions - https://www.climatewatchdata.org/countries/MOZ
Sendai and Hyogo Frameworks
National Progress Report on the Implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=38970&cid=117
Plano director para a redução do risco de desastres 2017-2030 - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=64564&cid=117
Plano director para prevenção e mitigação das calamidades naturais - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=21649&cid=117
National policy on disaster management - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=30458&cid=117
National Coordination and Reporting
National Appropriate Mitigation Actions
No Action to date - https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/PublicNAMA/SitePages/Country.aspx?CountryId=118
National Action Plans
2013-2025 National Strategy for Climate Change - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/2013-2025-national-strategy-for-climate-change-enmc/
National adaptation programme of action - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=8531&cid=117
National Strategies Related to International Mechanisms
Convention to Combat Desertification National Action Programme - https://knowledge.unccd.int/sites/default/files/naps/mozambique-other2002.pdf
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan - https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/mz/mz-nbsap-v3-en.pdf
Decree 70/2013 Regulating Procedures for Project Approval for the Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Forestry Degradation (REDD) - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/decree-70-2013-regulating-procedures-for-project-approval-for-the-reduction-of-emissions-from-deforestation-and-forestry-degradation-redd/
National Regulations/Policies
Strategy for New and Renewable Development 2011-2025 - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/strategy-for-new-and-renewable-development-2011-2025/
National Environmental Policy - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/national-environmental-policy-2/
Law 15/2014 Establishing the Framework for Disaster Management, Including Prevention and Mitigation - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/law-15-2014-establishing-the-framework-for-disaster-management-including-prevention-and-mitigation/
Policy on the Development of New and Renewable Energy (resolution 62/2009) - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/policy-on-the-development-of-new-and-renewable-energy-resolution-62-2009/
National Biofuels Policy and Strategy - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/national-biofuels-policy-and-strategy/
Energy Reform and Access Project (2003-2011) - https://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/pams/mozambique/name-149510-en.php
Ministerial Decree 277/2009 approving the Rules of the National Directorate of New and Renewable Energy - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/ministerial-decree-277-2009-approving-the-rules-of-the-national-directorate-of-new-and-renewable-energy/
Decree No. 58/2011 approving the Regulation on biofuels - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/decree-no-58-2011-approving-the-regulation-on-biofuels/
Presidential Decree No. 7/2011 creating the Inter-ministerial Commission of Biofuels - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/presidential-decree-no-7-2011-creating-the-inter-ministerial-commission-of-biofuels/
Resolution No. 10/2009 approving the New Policy on Energy - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/resolution-no-10-2009-approving-the-new-policy-on-energy/
Ministerial Decree No. 62/2017 approving the Regulation of the National Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture Development - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC174161
Law No. 10/99 on Forest and Wildlife Act - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC020106
Law No. 19/2007 on Land Use Management - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC111493
Resolution No. 11/2019 approving the National Plan for Water Resources Management - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC184710
Resolution n. 40/2018 approving the Water Sector Action Plan for the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Objectives 2015-2030 - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC184869
Reviews of National Legislation and Policy
London School of Economics: National Climate Legislation - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/country-profiles/mozambique
Financing
Key Areas of Climate Investment
Financing preparedness to engage with REDD+ - https://www.forestcarbonpartnership.org/country/mozambique
Financing nature based solutions to natural hazard issues - https://www.gfdrr.org/en/mainstreaming-nature-based-solutions-drm
Financing improvements to water supply -https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P149377?lang=en
Financing village level sustainable development - https://www.isdb.org/projects/data/uid-pj0017590
Financing the expansion of renewable energy - https://www.thegef.org/project/towards-sustainable-energy-all-mozambique-promoting-market-based-dissemination-integrated
Financing biodiversity and ecosystem conservation - https://www.thegef.org/project/strengthening-conservation-globally-threatened-species-mozambique-through-improving-0
Financing resilience and adaptation in coastal zones - https://www.thegef.org/project/mozambique-building-resilience-coastal-zone-through-ecosystem-based-approaches-adaptation
Financing climate change resilience in agriculture and promoting food security - https://www.thegef.org/project/strengthening-capacities-agricultural-producers-cope-climate-change-increased-food-security
National Trust Fund
National Fund for Sustainable Development - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC173964
Selected Relevant Sources of Climate Related Funding
Climate Funds Update - https://climatefundsupdate.org/data-dashboard/#1541245745457-d3cda887-f010
OECD Climate Change - https://www.oecd.org/env/cc/
OECD Investment for Green Growth - https://www.oecd.org/environment/green.htm
Climate Investment Funds - https://www.climateinvestmentfunds.org/country/mozambique
African Development Bank Group - https://www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-sectors/sectors/climate-change
Multilateral Funders
Mozambique receives climate funding from the World Bank, the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, the Green Climate Fund, the Islamic Development Bank, the Global Environment Facility, the Least Developed Countries Fund, and the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility, among others.
Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Planning
Vulnerability/Adaptation Capacity Data
Notre Dame's Global Adaptation Initiative Vulnerability/Readiness Climate Change Index - https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/
Environmental Performance Index - https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/
Natural Disaster/Hazards
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery - https://www.gfdrr.org/en/mozambique
PreventionWeb - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/countries/africa/moz
Energy Supply and Demand
Key Energy Statistics - https://www.iea.org/countries/mozambique
Renewable Readiness Assessment 2012 - https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2013/IRENA-Mozambique-RRA.pdf
Energy justice and sustainability transitions in Mozambique - https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:825f40dd-974e-40e4-a864-eefa99515d5c/download_file?file_format=pdf&safe_filename=Energy%2Bjustice%2Band%2Bsustainability%2Btransitions%2Bin%2BMozambique.pdf&type_of_work=Journal+article
Land Use
LandLinks Country Profile - https://www.land-links.org/mozambique
The Context of REDD+ in Mozambique - https://theredddesk.org/resources/context-redd-mozambique-drivers-agents-and-institutions
Economic Development/Quality of Life and Livelihoods
The Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change Study: Mozambique - https://www.weadapt.org/placemarks/maps/view/420
Using climate information to achieve long-term development objectives in coastal Ghana and Mozambique - https://cdkn.org/resource/exploring-climate-information-long-term-decision-making-ghana-mozambique/?loclang=en_gb
Summaries of Programming and Priorities
Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment in Mozambique's First National Communication - https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Mozambique%20INC.pdf
Review of Current and Planned Adaptation Action - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=25730&cid=117
Case Studies
weADAPT Case Studies
weADAPT Entries - https://www.weadapt.org/case-studies?keyword=mozambique
Climate and Development Network Country Page
Climate and Development Network Resources - https://cdkn.org/regions/mozambique
Islamic Development Bank Reports
IsDB Country Page - https://www.isdb.org/mozambique
Climate, Climate Change, and Environmental Data
Natural Disaster/Hazards Data
ThinkHazard - http://thinkhazard.org/en/report/170-mozambique
Energy Supply and Demand Data
Renewable Energy Mapping - http://resourceirena.irena.org/gateway/countrySearch/?countryCode=MOZ
Land Use Data
FAOStat - http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/
Weather/Meteorological Data
World Meteorological Organization Profile - https://www.wmo.int/cpdb/mozambique
Country tags
